I-Arhente yeNdaba yase-China, e-Beijing, ngo-Januwari 15 (i-Pang Wuji, i-Liu Wenwen) Ixesha elide, ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemarike yokuthutha kunye namaxabiso aphantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, okoko kwaqhambuka lo bhubhani, iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi jikelele ziqalise imodeli yokwenyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngonyaka nje omnye, iindleko zokuthumela ziye zanyuka ngamaxesha e-10. Kutheni iindleko zokuthumela zinyuka? Loluphi uhlobo lonxunguphalo ekulo ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi? Kuya kude kube nini le meko iqhubeka? UJens Eskelund, uMongameli we-Maersk (e-China) Co., Ltd., i-container ye-container yehlabathi kunye ne-logistics giant, wamkele udliwano-ndlebe olukhethekileyo kunye ne-Arhente yeNdaba yase-China ukuhlalutya kunye nokuphendula le mibuzo.

Kwiinyanga zamva nje, amashumi amawaka eekhonteyina ezizele yimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ziye zaxinga kumazibuko aseMelika, kwaye inani elikhulu leenqanawa limi ecaleni kwezibuko, lilinde iiveki.

I-Freightos, i-platform ye-logistics, ibonise ukuba iindleko zokuthumela i-container ye-40-foot ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US West Coast yabetha i-$ 20,000 ngo-Agasti kunyaka odlulileyo kwaye yabuyela kwi-$ 14,600 ukususela ngoJan. 14. Nangona iphantsi kwencopho yehlobo, kunjalo. nangoku ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-10 kwinqanaba langaphambi kobhubhane.

Ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kakubi kuye kwaveza iingxaki ezinzulu kwikhonkco lokubonelela.

U-Yan Ci ukholelwa ukuba ukuvaleka kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi kunye nokungalingani phakathi kokubonelela kunye neemfuno kwiimarike zezona zizathu zokunyuka kwamaxabiso omthwalo. Ukongeza, izinto ezinjengokucuthwa kokusebenza kakuhle kweenqanawa, ukunyuka okubukhali kweendleko zokuqeshisa iinqanawa kunye neekhonteyina, kunye neendleko ezongezelelekileyo ezinxulumene nokubonelela abathengi ngezinye izisombululo zekhonkco lokubonelela nazo zibe negalelo ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso othutho.

Nangona kunjalo, wabonisa ukuba amaxabiso othutho akhankanywe apha ngawo onke amaxabiso othutho (amaxabiso exeshana elifutshane lothutho kwiinyanga ezintathu), kwaye iMaersk ngoku ilungiselela ezothutho uninzi (ngaphezu kwama-64%) emithamo yayo yomthwalo ngokusekelwe kwiikontraki ezityikityiweyo zexesha elide. , "Thina Amaxabiso omthwalo ekuvunyelwene ngawo nabathengi ahlala azinzile ngexesha lekhontrakthi kwaye akachatshazelwa kukuguquguquka okukhulu kweemarike."

U-Yan Ci uthe, enyanisweni, ikhonkco lobonelelo olulambathayo ngoku ubukhulu becala libe ngumqobo wezothutho zangaphakathi.

Ubalule ukuba ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezibuko kuncitshisiwe, okukhokelela ekungeneni nasekuphumeni okucothayo kweenqanawa kunye nokulibaziseka kwenqanawa. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibuko kutsalwa phantsi zizinto ezifana nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, iilori ezingonelanga zokuqokelela, kunye nendawo yokugcina engonelanga.

Kule mihla, amazibuko amaninzi anoxinano oluphezulu kwiyadi yokugcina. Xa iilori zifika, "zinokwemba" kuphela i-container ukuze zilayishe. Indlela ephantsi ngayo ukusebenza kakuhle inokucingelwa.

Uthe awona matyala mabi kakhulu aseLos Angeles naseSeattle kunxweme olusentshona eUnited States. Ixesha lokulinda lide kangangeeveki ezi-4, kudityaniswa nolibaziseko olufutshane kumazibuko asemantla Yurophu naseAsia, ukuze i-loop yeveki ezili-12 eyilwe ekuqaleni iyakuthatha i-13 okanye iiveki ezili-14 ukugqiba. uhambo oluphelele.

U-Yan Ci uthe ngokwahlukileyo kwinto yokuxinana kunye nezikhongozeli ezingenanto kumazibuko aphesheya, amazibuko aseTshayina asebenza ngokutyibilikayo nangocwangco.

Ngokombono kaYanci, amazibuko aseTshayina asebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Abasebenzisi kuphela ubugcisa obutsha ngokubanzi, kodwa bafaka ukubaluleka kokomeleza intsebenziswano kunye nawo onke amaqela akwi-ecosystem yezibuko. Ngenxa yoku, emva kokuqhambuka kobhubhani, kugxilwe kurhwebo lwehlabathi yi-China, kwaye nokonyuka okubukhali komthamo wempahla, amazibuko aseTshayina asenokugcina ucwangco.

"Kunokuthiwa iChina inenkqubo yechweba lehlabathi."

Uhlalutyo lukholelwa ukuba, kwelinye icala, i-China iye yalawula ngokufanelekileyo ubhubhane ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye isantya sokuqalisa kwakhona umsebenzi kunye nemveliso idlulile okulindelweyo. Kurhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele, ishishini lemveliso laseTshayina lidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwelinye icala, ngokuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi, imfuno yeemveliso zaseAsia eYurophu nase-United States iye yanda, kwaye imfuno yokuzaliswa kwempahla ngaphandle inamandla, ngenxa yoko inani elikhulu lempahla liphuma eTshayina lisiya phesheya kolwandle, lixhasa imveliso. ukukhula okuqhubekayo umthamo zorhwebo.

Uthutho lwaselwandle lusaqhubeka lusanda, luya kufika nini uguquko?

U-Yan Ci ukholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo kwikhonkco lokubonelela akunakwenzeka ukuba luphucule kakhulu kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, kwaye le meko ingaqhubeka emva koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina. Nkqu nakuMntla Merika, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iya kuhlala ixesha elide.

"Isitshixo sokuvula imithambo yorhwebo yaselwandle kunye nokuvula ikhonkco lokubonelela ngamazwe ngamazwe kukuseka ukuguquguquka kokubonelela kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka." Uthe ikhonkco lokubonelela langoku alinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kobhubhane. Inkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ifuna ngokungxamisekileyo isixokelelwano sobonelelo ngedijithali esicacileyo nesicacileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukucwangciswa kwezenzululwazi kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo kuyafuneka, kwaye kwelinye icala, indawo yesithinteli kufuneka yenziwe ukuze imelane nako nakuphi na ukungaqiniseki.

U-Yan Ci ukholelwa ukuba enye into ebangela ukunqongophala kwangoku kwezikhongozeli, ukunqongophala kwendawo yempahla, kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zothutho ziingxaki zesakhiwo.

Abathwali abafana neenkampani zokuthumela bahlawula ingqwalasela enkulu kulawulo lweendleko kunye nokugxila ekuphuculeni izinga lomthwalo wexesha elifutshane. Oku kukwaphembelele imodeli yentsebenziswano eqikelelwayo phakathi kweenkampani ezithumela ngenqanawa kunye nabanini bempahla, ibeka amaxabiso omthwalo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu oluhlayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuba bhetyebhetye kunye nokomelela kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Xa sele ujongene nomnyhadala othi "black swan" njengobhubhani wesithsaba esitsha, akukho ndawo ingako yokuphazamisa.

U-Yanci uvakalise ithemba lokuba onke amaqela angafunda kuyo, kwaye unethemba lokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso omthwalo kunye nokuzuza umvuzo ozinzile. Imarike eguquguqukayo yenza kube nzima kwiinkampani ukwenza izigqibo zotyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye nokucwangcisa.

"Nangona oku kufuna ixabiso elithile, kuya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu yexesha elide kwiinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle." Uthe